Acute and Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis of Rheumatic Causes

Abstract

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is the second most common cause of acute intrinsic kidney injury after acute tubular necrosis. Although drug-induced forms of TIN represent the vast majority, rheumatic disease is another common cause and often underdiagnosed. Early diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis and prompt withdrawal of the culprit medication or a correct treatment can avoid chronic damage and progressive chronic kidney disease. This review highlights the recent updates, clinical features, and treatment in TIN in autoimmune rheumatic disease.

Keywords: Acute interstitial nephritis; Chronic interstitial nephritis; Sarcoidosis; Scleroderma; Sjögren syndrome; Systemic lupus erythematous; TINU syndrome; Tubulointerstitial nephritis.