Teacher Discrimination Reduces School Performance of African American Youth: Role of Gender

Shervin Assari; Cleopatra Howard Caldwell

doi:10.3390/brainsci8100183

Teacher Discrimination Reduces School Performance of African American Youth: Role of Gender

Brain Sci. 2018 Sep 30;8(10):183. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8100183.

Authors

Shervin Assari^{1

2

3}, Cleopatra Howard Caldwell^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. assari@umich.edu.
² Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. assari@umich.edu.
³ Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. assari@umich.edu.
⁴ Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. cleoc@umich.edu.
⁵ Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. cleoc@umich.edu.

Abstract

Background: Gender may alter African Americans' vulnerability to discrimination. The type of outcomes that follow exposure to discrimination may also be gender-specific. Although teacher discrimination is known to deteriorate school performance, it is yet unknown whether male and female African American youth differ in the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance. Objective: This cross-sectional study explored the moderating role of gender on the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance in a national sample of African American youth. Methods: The National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A) enrolled a nationally representative sample (n = 810) of 13⁻17-year-old African American youth. Demographic factors, socioeconomic status, teacher discrimination, and school performance (grade point average, GPA) were measured. Linear multivariable regression models were applied for data analysis.

Results: Males and females reported similar levels of perceived teacher discrimination. In the pooled sample, higher teacher discrimination was associated with lower school performance among African American youth (b = -0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.49 to -0.22). Gender interacted with perceived teacher discrimination (b = 12; 95% CI = 0.24⁻2.02), suggesting a significant difference between males and females in the magnitude of the association between perceived teacher discrimination and GPA. In stratified models, perceived teacher discrimination was associated with worse school performance of females (b = -12; 95% CI = -0.03 to -2.78) but not males (b = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.07 to 0.08).

Conclusion: In line with previous studies, gender was found to alter the vulnerability of African American youth to perceived discrimination. African American boys and girls may differ in their sensitivity to the effects of teacher discrimination on school performance.

Keywords: African Americans; Blacks; bias; discrimination; ethnic groups; ethnicity; gender; population groups; race; racism; teacher discrimination.