Objective: The present study examined the physical extent of Modic type 1 (MT1) changes and other phenotypic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the vertebrae of patients with low back pain (LBP) and MT1 changes. We also identified any correlations of these findings with the severity of pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The relationship between the presence of pain and MT1 changes has been examined in several studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has assessed the relationships between pain severity and ODI and the total vertebral area of MT1 involvement.
Methods: After excluding any patient with MT2 or MT3 changes, 49 patients with a diagnosis of LBP and MT1 changes demonstrated on MRI were included. MT1 involvement area, disc height, number of Schmorl's nodes, disc degeneration (Pfirrmann grade), and cross-sectional area of the lumbar muscles were obtained via MRI. Additionally, patient demographic data, body mass index, physical activity level, and disability (ODI) scores were assessed.
Results: The total vertebral area of MT1 involvement correlated significantly and positively with the ODI (P = 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression model, with ODI as the dependent variable and age, mean Pfirrmann grade, total vertebral area of MT1 involvement, and sex as independent variables, only the total vertebral area of MT1 involvement was significantly associated with the ODI.
Conclusions: A significant positive correlation was noted between the vertebral MT1 involvement extent and changes in the ODI. Other MRI features of patients with LBP were not related to pain severity or ODI.
Keywords: Disc degeneration; Disc height; Erector spinae; Low back pain; Magnetic resonance imaging; Modic changes; Multifidus; Psoas; Quadratus lumborum; Schmorl’s nodes.
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