Rifampin Resistance in Staphylococci after Rifaximin Intake for Surgical Prophylaxis in Elective Colorectal Surgery

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018 Nov 26;62(12):e01353-18. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01353-18. Print 2018 Dec.

Abstract

The aim of our study was to determine whether rifampin resistance emerges in human skin staphylococci after oral intake of rifaximin for surgical prophylaxis. Rifampin-resistant staphylococci appeared on the skin of 32 out of 74 patients (43.2%) two weeks after prophylactic treatment with rifaximin. In all cases, the resistant strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci. The resistance completely reverted after three months. This study shows the emergence of transient resistance to rifampin after rifaximin intake.

Keywords: Staphylococcus; antibiotic resistance; rifampin; rifaximin; surgical prophylaxis.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antibiotic Prophylaxis / methods*
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / drug effects
  • Elective Surgical Procedures
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Middle Aged
  • Rifampin / therapeutic use*
  • Rifaximin / administration & dosage
  • Rifaximin / therapeutic use*
  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Staphylococcal Infections / prevention & control*
  • Staphylococcus / drug effects*
  • Staphylococcus / isolation & purification

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Rifaximin
  • Rifampin