Activity-based Flexible Offices (A-FOs) are offices with unassigned desks that provide a variety of workspaces. This paper presents desk-sharing and speech rules identified in A-FOs in four Swedish organisations, the emergence of and compliance with these rules, and their consequences for work conditions. Data collection involved 105 semi-structured interviews, document analyses, and observations. The identified rules were: (1) to remove belongings, (2) temporal restrictions on using the same workstations, (3) temporal restrictions on using scarce zones, (4) restrictions on verbal interactions, and (5) restrictions on phone conversations. The cases with extensive user involvement in their planning process had explicit unambiguous rules. A better compliance with rules occurred when (i) the employees were well-prepared and had a unified understanding regarding how and why to follow the rules, (ii) the rules were explicitly communicated and were regarded as easy to follow, and (iii) following the rules facilitated work and improved work conditions. Practitioner summary: Five rules were identified for applying desk-sharing and speech policies in A-FOs. Extensive user involvement resulted in having well-defined and explicitly communicated rules, and prepared employees for how to use the A-FO. Implicit and ambiguous rules led to conflicting interpretations, disregarding rules, and were associated with more negative work conditions.
Keywords: Activity-based working (ABW); codes of conduct; desk-sharing and speech policies; implementation; planning process; work conditions; work environment design.