Alumina (Al2O3) is believed to be the first major condensate to form in the gas outflow from oxygen-rich evolved stars because of the refractoriness and that α-Al2O3 (corundum, most stable polymorph) is a potential origin of a 13 μm feature that appears close to stars. However, no one has directly reproduced the 13 μm feature experimentally, and it has remained as a noteworthy unidentified infrared band. Here, we report nucleation experiments on Al2O3 nanoparticles monitored by a specially designed infrared spectrometer in the microgravity environment of a sounding rocket. The conditions approximate to those around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. The measured spectra of the nucleated Al2O3 show a sharp feature at a wavelength of 13.55 μm and comparable in width to that observed near oxygen-rich AGB stars. Our finding that α-Al2O3 nucleates under certain condition provides a solid basis to elaborate condensation models of dust around oxygen-rich evolved stars.