This chapter presents data on the efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of priority heart failure–related interventions. Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body because of functional limitations in ventricular filling (diastole), ejection (systole), or both (Yancy and others 2013). Heart failure is a heterogeneous, progressive, chronic disease with protean symptoms, including fatigue; breathlessness at rest or with exertion; and fluid retention in the lungs, abdomen, or extremities. The stages and functional classes of heart failure are detailed in box 10.1.
© 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.