Between a Rock and an Airspace: Pneumothorax After Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Stones in a Patient With Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract

Renal disease is a well-recognized manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) and people with CF are at increased risk of nephrolithiasis. Lithotripsy is the preferred treatment but has occasionally been associated with pulmonary complications. Here we report the case of a person with CF who developed a pneumothorax soon after lithotripsy and discuss the potential mechanism of injury. We hope this case highlights some of the additional considerations clinicians should take into account when managing patients with advanced pulmonary disease in CF.

Keywords: cystic fibrosis; nephrolithiasis; pneumothorax.