Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship among gingival thickness (GT), underlying alveolar bone thickness (BT), and sagittal root position in the maxillary anterior measured by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The theoretical foundation was applied to aesthetic dentistry, implant treatment planning, and therapeutic effect assessment.
Methods: A total of 40 young volunteers with healthy periodontal status were involved in this research [16 males and 24 females aged 23-34 years with a mean age of (26.30±2.29) years]. Three records were measured by CBCT. GT was measured at the cemento-enamel junction level. Buccal BT was measured at three locations: 1, 3, and 5 mm below the alveolar crest, along the sagittal angle between the long axis of teeth, and along the long axis of the respective alveolar bone.
Results: The average GT and alveolar BT thicknesses were (1.08±0.34) mm and (0.79±0.29) mm, respectively. The average angle between teeth and alveolar bone was 18.01°±8.96°. BT was positively associated with GT (r=0.293, P=0.001). The BT of canine was positively associated with the angle between teeth and alveolar bone (r=0.457, P=0.003).
Conclusions: BT was relatively thin. An angle was found between the long axis of teeth and that of the alveolar bone. BT was positively associated with GT. An accurate diagnosis of GT, underlying alveolar BT, and sagittal root position in the maxillary anterior is necessary before implant surgery to devise an appropriate implant treatment plan and achieve a predictable esthetic outcome.
目的 运用锥形束CT测量上颌前牙唇侧牙龈厚度、牙槽骨厚度以及牙根与牙槽骨的位置关系，分析三者之间的相关性，为口腔美学修复、种植方案选择、预后判断及疗效评估提供依据。方法 选取40名牙周健康的志愿者，男性16名，女性24名，年龄范围23~34岁，平均（26.30±2.29）岁。运用锥形束CT间接显影法测量受试者的上颌前牙区唇侧釉牙骨质界处牙龈厚度，牙槽嵴顶根方1、3、5 mm处牙槽骨厚度，以及牙根与牙槽骨所成交角。结果 上颌前牙唇侧牙龈平均厚度为（1.08±0.34） mm，牙槽骨平均厚度为（0.79±0.29） mm，牙根与牙槽骨交角均值为18.01°±8.96°；上颌前牙唇侧牙槽骨厚度与牙龈厚度有正相关关系（r=0.293，P=0.001），尖牙处唇侧牙槽骨厚度与牙根牙槽骨交角呈正相关关系（r=0.457，P=0.003）。结论 上颌前牙唇侧牙槽骨薄，牙根与牙槽骨存在一定角度，唇侧牙龈厚度与牙槽骨厚度具有相关性；种植治疗时应充分考虑种植位点牙龈厚度、牙槽骨厚度及牙根在牙槽骨内的位置方向，选择合理的术式以期获得良好的种植功能及美学效果。.
Keywords: alveolar bone thickness; angle between teeth and alveolar bone; gingival thickness; oral implantology.