Hysterectomy has been associated with metabolic change and cardiovascular risk for women after removing the uterus, but inconclusive. This large retrospective cohort study evaluated the hyperlipidemia risk for women with a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. From claims data of one million people in the National Health Insurance (NHI) database of Taiwan, we established a cohort consisting of 5887 women newly received a surgery of hysterectomy from 2000-2013, 563 women had a hysterectomy and a oophorectomy, and 556 women had a oophorectomy. From the claims data, 28024 women without any of the surgeries were identified to form the comparison cohort, frequency matched by birth year and surgery year of the women with hysterectomy. By the end of 2013, the incidence of hyperlipidemia was 1.3 times greater in women with a hysterectomy than in comparison women (3.43 vs. 2.65 per 100 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.27 (95% CI = 1.19-1.35) for hysterectomy women after controlling for age, oophorectomy, hormone therapy and comorbidities. The incidence of hyperlipidemia increased to 4.93 per 100 person-years in women with both a hysterectomy and an oophorectomy. The relative risk of hyperlipidemia was higher for young women than the elderly women with the surgery. Women with comorbidity of obesity, hypertension or diabetes had a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, the risk of developing hyperlipidemia could be elevated for women who had a hysterectomy and/or an oophorectomy. Women with hysterectomy should routinely monitor their metabolic status, particularly for young women and those with comorbidity of metabolic symptoms.