Comparative Diminution of Patulin Content in Apple Juice With Food-Grade Additives Sodium Bicarbonate, Vinegar, Mixture of Sodium Bicarbonate and Vinegar, Citric Acid, Baking Powder, and Ultraviolet Irradiation

Minkyeong Kim; Shruti Shukla; Youngsook Oh; Soo Hyun Chung; Myunghee Kim

doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00822

Comparative Diminution of Patulin Content in Apple Juice With Food-Grade Additives Sodium Bicarbonate, Vinegar, Mixture of Sodium Bicarbonate and Vinegar, Citric Acid, Baking Powder, and Ultraviolet Irradiation

Front Pharmacol. 2018 Aug 13:9:822. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00822. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Minkyeong Kim¹, Shruti Shukla², Youngsook Oh¹, Soo Hyun Chung³, Myunghee Kim¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
² Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
³ Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine an optimal method for patulin (PAT) reduction for application in apple juice production. PAT levels in spiked apple juice (100 μg/L) were measured after treatment with citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, vinegar, mixture of sodium bicarbonate and vinegar, baking powder, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Treatments with sodium bicarbonate and UV irradiation were most effective in reducing PAT; however, UV irradiation reduced the yellowness (b^∗) of apple juice. However, sodium bicarbonate treatment affected quality attributes including soluble solids, pH, and color of apple juice. The color and odor of apple juice treated with sodium bicarbonate could be recovered via addition of citric acid. The present results suggest that sodium bicarbonate could be considered an additive in apple juice for PAT reduction.

Keywords: apple juice; method development; patulin; reduction; sodium bicarbonate.