Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is widely disseminated in human, and Hp infection causes various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric cancer. Different genotypes of Hp may cause different diseases, so the genotyping is important for clinical and basic research of Hp. This article introduces the methods for Hp genotyping, including multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and whole-genome sequencing. By reviewing the application of these techniques in Hp genotyping and comparing their advantages and disadvantages, the article provides a theoretical basis for research into the pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, and epidemiology of Hp infection.
幽门螺杆菌（Hp）可以在人群中广泛传播，并会引发一系列的胃肠道疾病甚至胃癌。不同基因型的Hp感染可能会引发不同类型的疾病，而基因分型技术是研究这类问题的重要方法。本文主要介绍了多位点序列分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳、随机扩增多态DNA、扩增片段长度多态性和全基因组测序这五种基因分型技术，通过综述这几种技术在Hp基因分型中的应用进展，比较它们之间的优缺点，为今后研究Hp的致病机制、传播机制以及流行病学调查提供方法学依据。