The scientific literature review in this paper includes research papers published in 2017 on issues related to pollutants from human activity and its effects on organisms of freshwater reported from the different parts of the world. The fist part of the literature review highlights on two broad sections that are focused on research conducted at the field level as well as surveys based on field experiments. A number of sections categorized in order to reflect the different class of pollutants follows the first part of literature review. Sections in this part of review includes non-point source pollution, stormwater, wastewater, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nanomaterials and ionic liquids. The final part of the literature review highlights the published research on recent innovations of recent in addressing problem of pollution in the freshwater and its management.