As pigs are similar to humans in anatomy, physiology and pathology, nutrition metabolism and disease characteristics, genetically modified pigs are already used for the studies of disease mechanism, pathology and toxicology and the evaluation of drugs. But the production of large modified animals is difficult, cumbersome, time-consuming and costly. With the breakthrough of gene editing technology, clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9( Cas9)(CRISPR/Cas9) technology has greatly improved the mutation efficiency, reduced the cost and simplified the steps, and promoted the widespread application of genetically modified pigs. In this paper, the production methods of genetically modified pigs and the research progress of genetically modified pigs by CRISPR/Cas9 in the medical field were reviewed.
猪在解剖学、生理病理学、营养代谢和疾病特征等方面都与人类相似度较高，基因修饰猪现已是疾病发生机制、病理毒理研究、治疗药物评估等众多领域所需的重要动物模型。但是大型基因修饰动物模型生产难度大、步骤繁琐、耗时长、成本高昂。随着基因编辑技术的突破，规律性短重复回文序列簇（CRISPR）和 CRISPR 相关蛋白 9（Cas9）构成的 CRISPR/Cas9 技术大大提高了基因突变效率，降低了基因修饰动物模型的造模成本，同时简化了步骤，推进了基因修饰猪的广泛应用。本文主要综述了基因修饰猪的生产方法以及利用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术生产人类疾病动物模型猪的研究进展。.
Keywords: clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated 9; gene editing; genetically modified pig; large animal disease models.