Sono-synthesis approach of reduced graphene oxide for ammonia vapour detection at room temperature

Pandiyarasan Veluswamy; Suhasini Sathiyamoorthy; Santhoshkumar P; Gopalu Karunakaran; Chang Woo Lee; Denis Kuznetsov; Jeyasubramanian Kadarkaraithangam; Hiroya Ikeda

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.012

Sono-synthesis approach of reduced graphene oxide for ammonia vapour detection at room temperature

Ultrason Sonochem. 2018 Nov:48:555-566. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.012. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Authors

Pandiyarasan Veluswamy¹, Suhasini Sathiyamoorthy², Santhoshkumar P³, Gopalu Karunakaran⁴, Chang Woo Lee³, Denis Kuznetsov⁴, Jeyasubramanian Kadarkaraithangam⁵, Hiroya Ikeda⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Chennai 600127, India; Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432 8011, Japan. Electronic address: pandiyarasan@yahoo.co.in.
² Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering & Center for the SMART Energy Platform, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Gihung, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, South Korea.
⁴ Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy Pr. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.
⁵ Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, India. Electronic address: kjeya@mepcoeng.ac.in.
⁶ Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432 8011, Japan.

PMID: 30080585
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.012

Abstract

In this paper, we report the sono-synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using polyethyleneimine (PEI), and its performance for ammonia vapour detection at room temperature. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were prepared by sonication method by using low-frequency ultrasound under ambient condition and films were deposited by Doctor Blade method. The rGO, which has vapour accessible structure showed a good sensing response with a minimum detection limit of 1 ppm and the detection range from 1 ppm to 100 ppm. The sensing response was found to be 2% at 1 ppm and 34% at 100 ppm of ammonia and the developed sensor operated at room temperature. The sensor displays a response time of 6 s and a recovery time of 45 s towards 100 ppm of ammonia vapour. The source for the highly sensitive, selective and stable detection of ammonia with negligible interference from other vapours is discussed and reported. We believe reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could potentially be used to manufacture a new generation of low-power portable ammonia sensors.

Keywords: Ammonia; Polyethyleneimine; Selectivity; Sensitivity; Ultra-sonication; rGO.