Dihydroindeno[1,2-b]pyrroles: new Al3+ selective off-on chemosensors for bio-imaging in living HepG2 cells

Org Biomol Chem. 2018 Aug 15;16(32):5920-5931. doi: 10.1039/c8ob01411f.

Abstract

In this study, a new molecular organic probe has been designed and synthesized by using recyclable, inexpensive and non-toxic polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a promoting reaction medium in water under environmentally benevolent conditions. The probe has been explored as a potential chemosensor to detect Al3+ ions using a HEPES buffer (pH = 7.4) solution. Investigations of the fluorescence behaviour of this sensor in DMSO/H2O (2 : 8, v/v) solution displayed a dramatic switch-on response only in the presence of Al3+, while other metal ions, like Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Fe3+ or Cr3+, have almost no influence on the fluorescence behaviour. Various common anions, such as ClO4-, Cl-, or NO3- in the form of Al3+ salts [e.g. Al(ClO4)3, AlCl3 or Al(NO3)3], had no influence on the fluorescence behaviour of the sensors. The detection limit for Al3+ is in the order of 10-6 M in DMSO/H2O (2 : 8, v/v) HEPES buffer (pH = 7.4) solution. Notably, this is the first report of a dihydroindeno[1,2-b]pyrrole moiety acting as a sensor for the selective detection of Al3+ ions through an off-on fluorescence response. The potential of the probe was also confirmed by employing it for fluorescence bio-imaging with Al3+ on HepG2 cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aluminum / analysis*
  • Cations / analysis
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemical synthesis
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry*
  • Hep G2 Cells
  • Humans
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence / methods
  • Models, Molecular
  • Optical Imaging / methods*
  • Pyrroles / chemical synthesis
  • Pyrroles / chemistry*
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence / methods

Substances

  • Cations
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Pyrroles
  • Aluminum