Is iodine nutrition in the Spanish pediatric population adequate? Historical review and current situation

Abstract

Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones, and iodine deficit is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide. Spain was considered iodine-deficient until 2003. Although iodine urinary levels have been in the optimal range in Spain since 2004, the WHO recognizes that our country does not meet the necessary requirements to ensure that the whole population is not at risk of an iodine deficiency disorder. The aim of this article is to review the current iodine status in Spain. Data from several studies emphasize the low consumption of iodized salt at home. Despite the progress made in recent decades, Spanish children are not exempt from suffering an iodine deficiency disorder. Policies that allow for controlling iodine nutrition and promote universal consumption of iodized salt should therefore be implemented.

Keywords: Alimentos ricos en yodo; España; Iodine; Iodine deficiency disorders; Iodine-rich foods; Iodized salt; Sal yodada; Spain; Trastornos por déficit de yodo; Urinary iodine levels; Yodo; Yoduria.