Background: Individualized and accurate implantation of a femoral component during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential in achieving equal distribution of intra-articular stress and long-term survival of the prosthesis. However, individualized component implantation remains challenging. This study aimed to optimize and individualize the positioning parameters of a femoral component in order to facilitate its accurate implantation.
Methods: Using computer-simulated TKA, the positioning parameters of a femoral component were optimized individually by finite element analysis in combination with orthogonal array testing. Flexion angle, valgus angle, and external rotation angle were optimized in order to reduce the peak value of the pressure on the polyethylene liner of the prosthesis.
Results: The optimal implantation parameters of the femoral component were as follows: 1° flexion, 5° valgus angle, and 4° external rotation. Under these conditions, the peak value of the pressure on the polyethylene liner surface was minimized to 16.46 MPa. Among the three parameters, the external rotation angle had the greatest effect on the pressure, followed by the valgus angle and the flexion angle.
Conclusion: Finite element analysis in combination with orthogonal array testing can optimize the implantation parameters of a femoral component for TKA. This approach would possibly reduce the wear of the polyethylene liner and prolong the survival of the TKA prosthesis, due to its capacity to minimize stress. This technique represents a new method for preoperative optimization of the implantation parameters that can achieve the best possible TKA outcome.
Keywords: Finite element analysis; Implantation parameter; Optimization; Orthogonal array testing; Prosthesis; Total knee arthroplasty (TKA).