Benzophenone-UV filters in personal care products and urine of schoolchildren from Shenzhen, China: Exposure assessment and possible source

Shaoyou Lu; Fei Long; Ping Lu; Bingli Lei; Zi'an Jiang; Guihua Liu; Jianqing Zhang; Shengtao Ma; Yingxin Yu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.015

Benzophenone-UV filters in personal care products and urine of schoolchildren from Shenzhen, China: Exposure assessment and possible source

Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 1:640-641:1214-1220. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.015. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Authors

Shaoyou Lu¹, Fei Long², Ping Lu², Bingli Lei³, Zi'an Jiang³, Guihua Liu⁴, Jianqing Zhang⁴, Shengtao Ma⁵, Yingxin Yu⁶

Affiliations

¹ Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
² School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
³ Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
⁴ Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
⁵ Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
⁶ Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China. Electronic address: yuyingxin@gdut.edu.cn.

PMID: 30021286
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.015

Abstract

The use of benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters in personal care products (PCPs) has rapidly increased in China over the past decade, leading to growing concerns on the potential adverse effects associated with the usage. Urine analysis is an ideal non-invasive approach for human biomonitoring of xenobiotics that are excreted mainly through urinary system. To investigate human exposure of PCPs to children from South China, we determined BP-type UV filters in a total of 156 commercial PCP goods covering 11 categories, as well as 280 urine samples collected from elementary school students in Shenzhen, China. Five BP analogues (i.e., BP1, BP2, BP3, BP8, and 4HB) were frequently detected in both PCPs and urine, among which BP3 was the dominant analogue, accounting for 96.3% of the total BPs in PCPs and 53.2% in urine, respectively. Sunscreens contained the highest BP concentrations (mean: 2.15 × 10⁴ ng g^-1) among all PCP goods. Girls exhibited higher urinary BP concentrations than boys, and body mass index positively influenced BP concentrations. However, no regional difference in urinary BP concentration was observed. The estimated dermal uptake of BPs from PCPs after considering the percutaneous absorption rates was much lower than the estimated dermal intake. The total daily excretion doses estimated from urinary BPs were 74.4 and 47.4 ng·kg^-1_bw day^-1 for girls and boys, respectively. The higher usage of body lotions, hand lotions, and sunscreens by girls than boys (1.49 vs. 1.03 times week^-1) might play an important role.

Keywords: Benzophenone-type UV filter; Dermal intake; Dermal uptake; Personal care products; Urine.

MeSH terms

Benzophenones / urine*
Body Mass Index
Child
China
Cosmetics / metabolism*
Environmental Exposure / statistics & numerical data*
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants / urine*
Female
Humans
Male
Sunscreening Agents / metabolism*

Substances

Benzophenones
Cosmetics
Environmental Pollutants
Sunscreening Agents