In vitro activity of tigecycline and comparators (2014-2016) among key WHO 'priority pathogens' and longitudinal assessment (2004-2016) of antimicrobial resistance: a report from the T.E.S.T. study

Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018 Oct;52(4):474-484. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Aug 21.

Abstract

We report contemporary (2014-2016) Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) global data on activity of tigecycline and comparators against WHO 'priority pathogens', and global trends (2004-2016) in antimicrobial resistance. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution methodology. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using CLSI breakpoints (FDA breakpoints for tigecycline). Data are reported for Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. From 2014-2016, Africa, Asia and South America reported highest resistance rates among Acinetobacter baumannii; North America lowest (all antimicrobials tested). The tigecycline MIC90 against A. baumannii was 2 mg/L in all regions except South America (1 mg/L). Among Enterobacteriaceae, meropenem resistance was low and tigecycline resistance was ≤1.3% in all regions (Escherichia coli, 0.0-0.3%; Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.0-1.3%; Enterobacter spp. 0.5-1.1%; Serratia marcescens 0.0-1.3%). Ceftriaxone resistance among E. coli ranged from 14.5% (North America) to 54.7% (Asia), and among K. pneumoniae from 9.1% (North America) to 54.0% (South America). North America reported highest rates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (64.6%); Europe lowest (17.7%). The tigecycline MIC90 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranged from 0.12 mg/L (Africa and North America) to 0.5 mg/L (Asia). From 2004-2016, carbapenem resistance increased among A. baumannii (all regions), reaching 92.3% in Africa and 85.7% in South America (2016). Rates of ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli increased in all regions except Asia. Ceftriaxone resistance in K. pneumoniae increased in Europe. Rates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and MRSA were highest in North America and South America (and Asia for MRSA); lowest in Europe.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Global; Priority pathogens; Surveillance; Tigecycline; World Health Organization.

MeSH terms

  • Acinetobacter baumannii / drug effects
  • Acinetobacter baumannii / growth & development
  • Africa / epidemiology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Asia / epidemiology
  • Carbapenems / pharmacology
  • Ceftriaxone / pharmacology
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  • Enterobacter / drug effects
  • Enterobacter / growth & development
  • Enterococcus faecium / drug effects
  • Enterococcus faecium / growth & development
  • Epidemiological Monitoring*
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Escherichia coli / growth & development
  • Europe / epidemiology
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / epidemiology*
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / microbiology
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / epidemiology*
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae / drug effects
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae / growth & development
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / growth & development
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • North America / epidemiology
  • Serratia marcescens / drug effects
  • Serratia marcescens / growth & development
  • South America / epidemiology
  • Tigecycline / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Carbapenems
  • Tigecycline
  • Ceftriaxone