Dietary and physical activity recommendations to prevent type 2 diabetes in South Asian adults: A systematic review

PLoS One. 2018 Jul 16;13(7):e0200681. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200681. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Intervention trials and guidelines for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in populations of South Asian origin often include strategies to improve diet and physical activity that are based on those developed for other populations. These may be suboptimal for the South Asian target populations. We aimed to provide an overview of included recommended dietary and physical activity components, and to identify whether these were supported by evidence of their effectiveness. Databases were searched until September 2017 for intervention studies and guidelines with an adult South Asian population without T2D. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42015207067. The quality of included studies and guidelines was assessed. Dietary and physical activity components, and effects on T2D incidence, glycemic status and adiposity measures, were summarized in tabular format and evaluated narratively. Eighteen intervention studies and four guidelines were identified. Dietary and physical activity components were similar to recommendations for the general population. Intervention studies and guidelines did not reference evidence to support the effectiveness of components included in the intervention for South Asian populations in particular. Moreover, we were unable to assess patterns of components to determine the effects of specific components. Evaluation of current and emerging components among South Asian populations and subgroups seems necessary to formulate more specific recommendations in future intervention studies and guidelines.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Asia / epidemiology
  • Asian People*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / prevention & control*
  • Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted*
  • Exercise*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic

Grants and funding

This work was sponsored by the Health Programme 2014-2020 from the European Union, grant number 664609 HP-PJ-2014 (https://ec.europa.eu/health/programme/policy/2014-2020_en). KS and IV received the funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.