A nonenzymatic glucose photobiosensor was developed based on Au-nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanorods (NRs) under visible illumination. Au nanoparticles (NPs) absorbed the visible illumination, resulting in surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The SPR of the Au NPs indicated that there was a strong electric field around them, which promoted the transport of more electrons to the TiO2 NRs and enhanced the glucose sensing properties. The sensing current under visible illumination was five times higher than in the dark when in 0.1 M NaOH solution at a potential of 0.17 V. Moreover, the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the Au NPs/TiO2 NRs/FTO under visible illumination was 0.52 mM, which is much smaller than that reported previously. Moreover, these results indicate that the Au NPs/TiO2 NRs/FTO under visible illumination feature outstanding properties as a nonenzymatic glucose photobiosensor.