Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated bacterium from patients with surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Understanding the immune responses to S aureus biofilms will provide insights into how the host response may be manipulated by therapeutic agents to improve the chances of successfully preventing and treating these infections. In this study, we investigated the inflammatory immune response in a rabbit model of S aureus biofilm-related sinusitis by analyzing the levels of some major inflammatory cytokines.
Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: a blank-control group; a negative-control group; and a model group. Four weeks after the biofilm-associated sinusitis models were established, the sinus mucosa was harvested and examined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blotting. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed statistically.
Results: Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression levels were significantly higher in the model group than in the blank-control group (p < 0.05); mRNA levels were increased by 1600%, 230%, and 130%, respectively, and the protein levels were increased by 180%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. In contrast, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels were reduced by 44% and 70%, respectively, compared with the blank-control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: S aureus biofilms in the rabbit maxillary sinus mucosa were associated with increased IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α expression, and decreased IL-4 and IL-5 expression.
背景: 金黄色葡萄球菌是手术难治性慢性鼻窦炎 (CRS) 患者炎症组织最常见的定植细菌。对金葡菌生物膜相关免疫反应进行研究, 有助于理解如何通过治疗性介质调节宿主反应, 有效抵抗和治疗这些感染。本研究中, 我们在金葡菌生物膜‐相关鼻窦炎兔模型中通过分析主要炎症性细胞因子的表达水平, 对其炎症反应进行研究。
方法: 将18只新西兰兔随机分配为3组:空白对照组, 阴性对照组和模型组。生物膜相关鼻窦炎模型建立4周后, 收集鼻窦黏膜, 采用苏木素‐伊红染色 (H&E) 、扫描电镜 (SEM) 、逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT‐PCR) 及Western blotting技术进行相关炎症细胞因子检测, 数据进行统计学分析。
结果: 与空白对照组相比, 模型组白细胞介素 (IL) ‐1β、IL‐8、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) ‐α表达水平显著升高(p < 0.05);对应mRNA水平上调了1600%、230%、和130%, 对应蛋白水平上调了180%、 100%、和100%。相反, 模型组对应的IL‐4和IL‐5 mRNA水平相比空白组分别下降了44%和70% (p < 0.05)。
结论: 兔上颌窦黏膜中金葡菌生物膜与升高的IL‐1β、IL‐8、和TNF‐α表达, 及降低的IL‐4和IL‐5水平相关。
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; bacterial biofilm; chronic rhinosinusitis; cytokine; inflammatory response.
© 2018 The Authors International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, published by ARSAAOA, LLC.