The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in Southeast Chongqing of Sichuan Basin in China is considered to be a potential shale gas reservoir by many scholars in recent years. The special shale gas well, namely, Pengye-1 well, was selected as a case study to evaluate the characteristics of the shale gas reservoir. A series of experiments were performed to analyze the geochemical, mineralogical, and petrophysical features and gas content using samples of the Longmaxi Shale from Pengye-1 well. The results show that the organic and inorganic porosities of these samples are range of 0.08-2.73% and 0.06-2.65%, with the average of 1.10% and 1.76%, respectively. The inorganic pores primarily contribute to the porosity until the TOC content is more than 3%. Organic matter plays an important role in adsorbed gas content. The adsorbed gas is dominant in the Longmaxi Shale of Pengye-1 well, which ranges from 0.46 to 2.24 cm3/g, with an average of 1.38 cm3/g. The free gas content ranges from 0.45 to 0.84 cm3/g with an average of 0.68 cm3/g, and is 24.4-49.7 percent of total gas with an average of 37.5%. The bottom part of the Longmaxi Shale is the most favorable for shale gas exploring, which is higher of brittleness mineral content, porosity and gas content. Compare with the other five shales in America, the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale is derived from older sedimentary periods with significantly higher thermal maturity and has experienced several periods of intense tectonic, which are unfavorable for the shale gas enrichment.