Influenza B virus (IBV) is a segmented negative-strand RNA virus, which often causes local outbreak or seasonal epidemic along with influenza A virus (IAV) in the world. It is pathogenic to children, teenagers and elderly people and has a higher mortality rate in children and adolescents, so it poses a serious threat to public health and health. IBV is more likely to cause complications than IAV and the disease burden of IBV even exceeds IAV in the epidemic season. Recently, especially after winter of 2017, IBV has become the dominant strain in many areas of our country and seriously affects people's health. In view of this, this article reviews the structure, epidemiology, immunology and prevention of IBV, aiming at enhancing public's perceptions of the virus and providing reference for making strategies for prevention and control of influenza B.
B 型流感病毒为单股负链分节段RNA 病毒，常在全球范围内以与A 型流感病毒共流行的方式引起流感的局部暴发或季节性流行，对儿童、青少年、老人等特定人群易感，且感染儿童及青少年后引起的死亡率较高，给人类的公共卫生健康造成了严重威胁。B 型流感病毒与A 型相比更容易引发患者发生并发症，且其在流行季节造成的疾病负担甚至超过A 型。近期，特别是2017 年入冬后，B 型流感病毒在我国的很多地区成为了引起流感发生的优势毒株，给人们的健康生活带来极大困扰。鉴于此，文中从B 型流感病毒的结构、流行病学、免疫学及防治等方面进行了综述，旨在增强人们对该病毒的认识，为B 型流感的防控提供借鉴和参考。.
Keywords: epidemiology; etiology; immunology; influenza B virus; research advance.