Background: Inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias at electrophysiological study (EPS) has long been suggested as predictive for subsequent arrhythmic events. Nevertheless, the usefulness of EPS in the clinical practice is still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the predictive power of EPS in primary prevention of ventricular arrhythmias in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
Methods: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify studies, which analyzed EPS predictive value in post-MI patients with mean EF < 40% for the composite arrhythmic endpoint defined by: sudden cardiac death (SCD), aborted SCD, ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) interventions.
Results: Nine studies, evaluating 3959 patients with 647 arrhythmic events, were included in the meta-analyses. EPS showed a strong predictive power for the arrhythmic endpoint with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 4.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.30-6.96) in the whole set of studies, albeit a high level of heterogeneity among studies. EPS predictive power was higher in studies where VT-inducibility was tested (OR 6.52; 95% CI: 2.30-18.44; sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.78, and negative predictive value 0.94), versus those assessing VT/VF-inducibility (OR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.34-3.26). VT-inducibility was predictive even when assessed within one month after MI (OR 7.85; 95% CI: 3.67-16.80).
Conclusions: Inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias at EPS is a strong predictor of the arrhythmic endpoint in post-MI patients with impaired EF, particularly when VT-inducibility is tested. EPS could help selecting the patients who can mostly benefit from ICD therapy.
Keywords: Arrhythmia inducibility; Clinical electrophysiology; Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; Left ventricular dysfunction; Myocardial infarction; Sudden cardiac death.