Biodegradation of Crystal Violet dye by bacteria isolated from textile industry effluents

Dipankar Chandra Roy; Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas; Ananda Kumar Saha; Biswanath Sikdar; Mizanur Rahman; Apurba Kumar Roy; Zakaria Hossain Prodhan; Swee-Seong Tang

doi:10.7717/peerj.5015

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet dye by bacteria isolated from textile industry effluents

PeerJ. 2018 Jun 21:6:e5015. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5015. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Dipankar Chandra Roy¹, Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas^{2

3}, Ananda Kumar Saha⁴, Biswanath Sikdar⁵, Mizanur Rahman³, Apurba Kumar Roy⁵, Zakaria Hossain Prodhan^{2

6}, Swee-Seong Tang²

Affiliations

¹ Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
² Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia.
³ Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University Kushtia, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
⁵ Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
⁶ Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Abstract

Industrial effluent containing textile dyes is regarded as a major environmental concern in the present world. Crystal Violet is one of the vital textile dyes of the triphenylmethane group; it is widely used in textile industry and known for its mutagenic and mitotic poisoning nature. Bioremediation, especially through bacteria, is becoming an emerging and important sector in effluent treatment. This study aimed to isolate and identify Crystal Violet degrading bacteria from industrial effluents with potential use in bioremediation. The decolorizing activity of the bacteria was measured using a photo electric colorimeter after aerobic incubation in different time intervals of the isolates. Environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and inoculum size were optimized using mineral salt medium containing different concentration of Crystal Violet dye. Complete decolorizing efficiency was observed in a mineral salt medium containing up to 150 mg/l of Crystal Violet dye by 10% (v/v) inoculums of Enterobacter sp. CV-S1 tested under 72 h of shaking incubation at temperature 35 °C and pH 6.5. Newly identified bacteria Enterobacter sp. CV-S1, confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, was found as a potential bioremediation biocatalyst in the aerobic degradation/de-colorization of Crystal Violet dye. The efficiency of degrading triphenylmethane dye by this isolate, minus the supply of extra carbon or nitrogen sources in the media, highlights the significance of larger-scale treatment of textile effluent.

Keywords: Biodegradation; Crystal violet dye; Enterobacter sp.; Textile effluent.

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the Dept. of Zoology and the Dept. of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.