Objective: By analyzing the levels of hemoglobin, vitamin A and vitamin D in Chinese rural pregnant women during 2010-2012, the changes of the prevalence of anemia were evaluated, and the nutritional status of vitamin A and vitamin D were evaluated.
Methods: All the data in this study came from the China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. By using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling method, pregnant women from 45 ordinary ruralareas and 30 poor rural areas were included in this study. 1 763 cases of blood hemoglobin concentration were determined by cyanmethemoglobin method. 601 cases of retinol level were determined by high performance liquid chromatography method. 979 cases of 25-hydroxy vitamin D level were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The level of blood hemoglobin and the prevalence of anemia, the level of vitamin A and the prevalence of VAD, the level of vitamin D and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were analyzed.
Results: In 2010-2012, the level of blood hemoglobin of Chinese city pregnant women was 123. 60( 113. 80-133. 50) g/L, 123. 10( 114. 00-132. 20) g/L for ordinary rural area and 125. 40( 113. 30-136. 80) g/L for poor rural area. The level of blood hemoglobin of ordinary rural area was statistically higher than that of poor rural area( P = 0. 020). The anemia prevalence of Chinese rural pregnant women was 17. 58%, 16. 10% for ordinary rural area and 20. 19% for poor rural area. Statistically difference was found between different areas( P = 0. 029). The level of vitamin A of Chinese rural pregnant women was 1. 53( 1. 18-1. 98) μmol/L. The prevalence of VAD of Chinese county pregnant women was 3. 49%, the marginal deficiency rate was 12. 81%. The level of vitamin D of Chinese city pregnant women was 15. 55( 11. 94-19. 90) ng/m L. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of Chinese rural pregnant women was up to 75. 38%, 65. 36% for ordinary rural area and 87. 42% for poor rural area. Significant difference was observed in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between ordinary and poor rural areas( P < 0. 001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in Chinese rural pregnant women improve from 2002 to 2012, but still higher than other populations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is generally more serious, while there is a certain percentage of vitamin A marginal deficiency.
Keywords: anemia; cross-sectional studies; pregnant women; rural; vitamin A; vitamin D.