The cisplatin-based Pt(iv)-diclorofibrato multi-action anticancer prodrug exhibits excellent performances also under hypoxic conditions

Dalton Trans. 2018 Jun 25;47(25):8268-8282. doi: 10.1039/c7dt04614f.

Abstract

Multi-action cisplatin-based mono- (1) and di-clofibric acid (2) Pt(iv) "combo" derivatives were synthesized via both traditional and microwave assisted procedures. The two complexes offered very good performances (IC50 values in a nanomolar range) on a panel of human tumor cell lines, including the highly chemoresistant malignant pleural mesothelioma ones. Moreover, both 1 and 2 bypass the cisplatin resistance. Indeed, cisplatin and clofibric acid, the metabolites of the Pt(iv) → Pt(ii) intracellular reduction, proved to act synergistically. The adjuvant action of clofibric acid relies on the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) that, in turn, decreases the level of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Both compounds induced extensive apoptosis in tumor cells, also via oxidative stress. Finally, 2 exhibited excellent performances also under the hypoxic conditions typical of solid tumors, where cisplatin is less effective.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cisplatin / analogs & derivatives*
  • Cisplatin / pharmacology*
  • Clofibric Acid / chemistry*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia / metabolism
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Molecular Structure
  • Organoplatinum Compounds / chemistry*
  • Organoplatinum Compounds / pharmacology*
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • PPAR alpha / chemistry
  • Prodrugs / chemistry*
  • Prodrugs / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • HIF1A protein, human
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
  • Organoplatinum Compounds
  • PPAR alpha
  • Prodrugs
  • Clofibric Acid
  • Cisplatin