Uncommon presentation of a common disease: influenza A presenting as adult croup

BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Jun 4:2018:bcr2017223974. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223974.

Abstract

An 88-year-old woman presented to our emergency room with complaints of fever, coryza, barking cough and generalised fatigue for 2 days. Physical examination showed stridor, tachypnoea with use of accessory muscles of respiration on admission. Laboratory tests were unremarkable except for monocytosis with a normal total white cell count. Rapid influenza diagnostic test was positive for influenza A. Chest X-ray showed subglottic narrowing of the trachea suggestive of steeple sign. A diagnosis of influenza A-induced croup was made. She was given humidified oxygen, nebulised racemic epinephrine, intravenous dexamethasone and oseltamivir. Stridor resolved within minutes of giving nebulised epinephrine. Work of breathing improved within 4-6 hours. She was discharged 2 days later on a tapering dose of steroids.

Keywords: influenza; radiology.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Inhalation
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Bronchodilator Agents / therapeutic use
  • Croup / diagnosis*
  • Croup / etiology
  • Croup / therapy
  • Dexamethasone / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Influenza, Human / complications
  • Influenza, Human / diagnosis*
  • Influenza, Human / therapy
  • Nebulizers and Vaporizers
  • Oseltamivir / therapeutic use
  • Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
  • Racepinephrine / therapeutic use
  • Radiography, Thoracic

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Bronchodilator Agents
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Oseltamivir
  • Dexamethasone
  • Racepinephrine