A combination of chemo-photodynamic therapy has been manifested as a promising strategy for efficient cancer treatment due to the enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Here, we designed doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded photoresponsive micelles (DPRMs) based on a combination of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and lipoic acid (LA) conjugated methoxy-poly(ethylene) glycol (mPEG-Ce6, mPEG-LA) to achieve effective drug delivery using a single system. DPRMs were optimized with different molar ratios of mPEG-Ce6 and mPEG-LA which showed uniformly spherical morphology of size ∼130 nm and approximately 9% of DOX loading contents. Photoresponsive lipoyl ring of mPEG-LA was incorporated in DPRMs in order to induce photomediated reduction resulting in 2-3-fold accelerated DOX release according to higher molar ratio of mPEG-LA and enhancement of light dose. The photoresponsive DOX release and ROS generation by Ce6 mediated cytotoxic effect of DPRMs were demonstrated in vitro using CT-26 (mouse colon cancer) and HCT-116 (human colon cancer) cells. We observed both the photosensitizer and the anticancer drug are colocalized in the tumor cells to achieve effective enhancement. Additionally, the DPRMs with laser irradiation successfully inhibited tumor growth in CT-26 tumor bearing mouse model and immunohistochemical staining verified apoptosis-mediated tumor growth inhibition. These observations demonstrated that the DPRMs showed a higher therapeutic effect than the other systems and PDT maximized the antitumor effect. Thus, DPRMs confirmed the advantages as a chemo-photodynamic dual-therapy with a synergistic therapeutic effect and great potential for cancer treatment.