Regional discrimination of Agaricus bisporus mushroom using the natural stable isotope ratios

Abstract

This study was aimed to verify the regional traceability of Agaricus bisporus mushroom using unique δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O, and δ³⁴S features combined with chemometric approaches. Ten cultivars from 15 mushroom farms in six regions of Korea were measured their isotopic signatures by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O, and δ³⁴S values were significantly different among mushrooms collected from six cultivation regions (P < 0.05). Multi-dimensional plots including the δ¹⁵N and δ³⁴S values demonstrated clear regional discrimination of the Saedo and Saehan cultivars produced from Buyeo, Nonsan, Eumseong, Boryeong, or Gyeongju. Partial least-squares discriminate analysis models showed good discrimination for Saedo (R_x² = 0.798 and Q² = 0.563) and Saehan (R_x² = 0.819 and Q² = 0.894). These preliminary results can extend knowledge of regional isotope signatures in A. bisporus mushroom produced in Korea, contributing to accurate geographical authenticity with potential broader applications for the international mushroom market.

Keywords: Agaricus bisporus; Cultivation region; PCA; PLS-DA; Stable isotope ratio.