Factors associated with physical activity in African Americans with hypertension

Abstract

Background: Pharmacological management only controls 58% of those with hypertension. Combining pharmacological therapy with physical activity is important in controlling hypertension.

Aim: To examine factors associated with physical activity (PA) adherence in African Americans (AAs) with hypertension and antihypertensive medication adherence.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used to examine if systolic BP, co-morbidities, serum creatinine and potassium, education, depression, locus of control, and social support explained PA adherence in a convenience sample of AAs (N = 77) aged 55 to 84. All completed: demographic data, PA visual analog scale (VAS-PA); Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale; Patient Health Question-9 Depression Instrument. Physiological data and co-morbidities were also collected.

Results: A third (n = 26) had systolic BP over 140 mm/Hg. The model explained 26% variance in adherence to PA (F = 3.378 [8, 68]; p = .003) with creatinine (p < .05), depression (p < .01), and social support (p < .05) as significant. Differences in VAS-PA scores between levels of depression were significant (F = 4.707 [269], p = .012; Eta² = 0.12). Those with no depression had significantly higher PA adherence (M = 88.26, SD = 18.97) compared to mildly depressed (M = 70.24, SD 27.71) and moderately depressed (M = 66.83, SD = 23.31).

Conclusions: Clinicians should promote PA as an adjunct to medications for effective control of hypertension in AAs. Screening and intervening for depression are important when examining adherence to PA in AAs with hypertension.

Keywords: African Americans; Depression; Hypertension; Physical activity.