Objective: Pregnancy after an embryo transfer depends largely on embryo quality, endometrial receptivity, and the technique used in the embryo transfer. Embryo transfers have been reported as inevitably traumatic and difficult for 5-7% of patients in assisted reproduction treatment. In these cases, transmyometrial embryo transfer should be considered as a suitable method to overcome difficult embryo transfers. The aim of this study was to report our experience with this technique and analyze its causes, results and complications.
Methods: Since 1993, 39 women (40 cycles of assisted reproductive technology treatment) were submitted to transmyometrial embryo transfers in our center. The procedures were carried out as described by the Towako group.
Results: The enrolled female patients had a mean age of 34 years and a mean baseline FSH level of 6.89 IU/mL. The median number of retrieved oocytes was 7.50 and a mean of 2.63 embryos were transferred. Implantation rate was 9.5%. With respect to clinical results, pregnancy and miscarriage rates were 25% and 30%, respectively. Since there were two twin pregnancies, the live birth rate was 22.5% (9/40). No major complications were reported.
Conclusion: Transmyometrial embryo transfer can and should be an option in cases of difficult/impossible transcervical embryo transfer.
Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology (ART); cervical atresia; cervical stenosis; embryo transfer (ET); pregnancy rate; transmyometrial embryo transfer (TMET).