Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Visceral Leishmaniasis

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2018 Jul;40(5):395. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001178.

Abstract

This is the report of a 2-year-old boy who presented with fever, cytopenia, and splenomegaly. The patient was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and treated with HLH-2004 protocol. Repeated bone marrow aspiration showed amastigotes on follow-up. In endemic countries, visceral leishmaniasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid chemotherapy toxicity.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Bone Marrow / parasitology
  • Child, Preschool
  • Humans
  • Leishmaniasis, Visceral* / complications
  • Leishmaniasis, Visceral* / diagnosis
  • Leishmaniasis, Visceral* / drug therapy
  • Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* / diagnosis
  • Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* / drug therapy
  • Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* / etiology
  • Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* / parasitology
  • Male