Noninfectious Hospital Adverse Events Decline After Elimination of Contact Precautions for MRSA and VRE

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018 Jul;39(7):788-796. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.93. Epub 2018 May 10.

Abstract

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of discontinuing routine contact precautions (CP) for endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) on hospital adverse events.DESIGNRetrospective, nonrandomized, observational, quasi-experimental study.SETTINGAcademic medical center with single-occupancy rooms.PARTICIPANTSInpatients.METHODSWe compared hospital reportable adverse events 1 year before and 1 year after discontinuation of routine CP for endemic MRSA and VRE (preintervention and postintervention periods, respectively). Throughout the preintervention period, daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing was expanded to nearly all inpatients. Chart reviews were performed to identify which patients and events were associated with CP for MRSA/VRE in the preintervention period as well as the patients that would have met prior criteria for MRSA/VRE CP but were not isolated in the postintervention period. Adverse events during the 2 periods were compared using segmented and mixed-effects Poisson regression models.RESULTSThere were 24,732 admissions in the preintervention period and 25,536 in the postintervention period. Noninfectious adverse events (ie, postoperative respiratory failure, hemorrhage/hematoma, thrombosis, wound dehiscence, pressure ulcers, and falls or trauma) decreased by 19% (12.3 to 10.0 per 1,000 admissions, P=.022) from the preintervention to the postintervention period. There was no significant difference in the rate of infectious adverse events after CP discontinuation (20.7 to 19.4 per 1,000 admissions, P=.33). Patients with MRSA/VRE showed the largest reduction in noninfectious adverse events after CP discontinuation, with a 72% reduction (21.4 to 6.08 per 1,000 MRSA/VRE admissions; P<.001).CONCLUSIONAfter discontinuing routine CP for endemic MRSA/VRE, the rate of noninfectious adverse events declined, especially in patients who no longer required isolation. This suggests that elimination of CP may substantially reduce noninfectious adverse events.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;788-796.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Observational Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Academic Medical Centers
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anti-Infective Agents, Local / therapeutic use
  • Chlorhexidine / analogs & derivatives
  • Chlorhexidine / therapeutic use
  • Communicable Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cross Infection / epidemiology*
  • Cross Infection / prevention & control*
  • Databases, Factual
  • Female
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / epidemiology
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / prevention & control*
  • Humans
  • Infection Control / methods*
  • Los Angeles / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • Middle Aged
  • Regression Analysis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
  • Staphylococcal Infections / prevention & control*
  • Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents, Local
  • chlorhexidine gluconate
  • Chlorhexidine