Introduction and aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment options of a very rare and highly aggressive type of uterine neoplasms, the malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, known as carcinosarcoma.
Method: Between 2009 and 2017, 29 patients were treated with malignant mixed Müllerian tumor. At stage I, surgery and postoperative radiotherapy were performed. At stages II-IV, trimodal treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) was administered.
Results: The average age of patients was 68.51 (49-90) years, mean body mass index was 30.22 (20.90-37.22). We have experienced recurrence of disease after complete resection in 6 cases (4 of 6 patients did not accept radiation therapy). Local recurrence has occurred after an average 15.52 (6-36) months, distant metastasis with an average 19.2 (8-32) months. Overall survival was 11.92 (1-75) months. Six patients are free of tumours at the moment.
Conclusions: As overall survival has not increased in recent decades by using combined chemotherapy, there is no congruent consensus associated with the optimal treatment. The standard surgical treatment is total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, although due to high rates of recurrence and metastases, the necessity of lymphadenectomy and postoperative treatment is in the focus of recent studies. Though postoperative irradiation improves local control, the beneficial effect on overall survival is still not proven. Adjuvant chemotherapy decreases the rate of both pelvic and extrapelvic recurrence at the same time, although there is no recommendation for the optimal chemoterapeutic agent. Multimodal therapy should lead to better outcomes. Recently there are many ongoing studies with biologic and target therapies to improve efficiency, however, the relevant results will be disclosed in many years only, due to the small number of patients. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(19): 741-7747.
Keywords: adjuvant treatment; adjuváns kezelés; lymphadenectomia; lymphadenectomy; malignant mixed Müllerian tumor; malignus kevert Müller-cső-eredetű tumor; uterus sarcoma; uterussarcoma.