Major (CD9, CD63, CD81) and others (CD82, CD151, Tspan8) tetraspanins are widely represented in exosomes, where they interact with various proteins and form functional tetraspanin complexes. Tetraspanin complexes include proteases. Tetraspanin-associated exosomal proteases (ADAM proteases, MMPs, EMMPRIN) play an important role in the processes of cell motility, migration, invasion and formation of metastases. Also, a significant contribution to tumor progression is made by proteases that are not associated with tetraspanins. They destabilize intercellular contacts, promote migration and invasion of tumor cells, participate in the regulation of the expression IGF-I, VEGF and transcription factors activation/deactivation. The role of other proteases of exosomes in the processes of tumor progression is being clarified.
Shiroko predstavlennye v ékzosomakh mazhornye (CD9, CD63 SD81) i drugie (CD82, CD151, Tspan8) tetraspaniny vzaimodeĭstvuiut s razlichnymi belkami, formiruia funktsional'nye tetraspaninovye kompleksy. Pokazano, chto v sostav tetraspaninovykh kompleksov vkhodiat razlichnye belki, v tom chisle proteazy. Tetraspanin-assotsiirovannye proteazy ékzosom (ADAM-proteazy, MMPs, EMMPRIN) igraiut vazhnuiu rol' v protsessakh kletochnoĭ podvizhnosti, migratsii, invazii i formirovanii metastazov. Proteazy, neassotsiirovannye s tetraspaninami, takzhe vnosiat sushchestvennyĭ vklad v opukholevuiu progressiiu. Oni destabiliziruiut mezhkletochnye kontakty, sposobstvuiut migratsii i invazii opukholevykh kletok, uchastvuiut v reguliatsii ékspressii IGF-I, VEGF, aktivirovannykh form transkriptsionnykh faktorov. Znachimost' drugikh proteaz ékzosom v protsessakh opukholevoĭ progressii utochniaetsia.
Keywords: exosomes; proteases; tetraspanins; tumor progression.