Objective: To explore the risk factors for different types of hypospadias.
Methods: According to the 1∶1 ratio, we included hypospadias children in the case group and those without urinary abnormality as controls, all from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between October 2015 to October 2016. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, we investigated the risk factors for hypospadias as well as for four different types of the disease.
Results: Among the 440 subjects, the risk factors for hypospadias included preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, rural residence of the mother, pregnancy age <20 or >35 years, primipara, maternal smoking (including passive smoking), oral progesterone, cold or fever during pregnancy, and exposure to high temperature in early pregnancy, while the protective factors included protein supplement in early pregnancy. The pregnancy age <20 or >35 years was the main risk factor for type I hypospadias; preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, rural residence of the mother, primipara, and maternal smoking (including passive smoking) during pregnancy were the risk factors for type Ⅱ; preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, rural residence of the mother, and exposure to high temperature in early pregnancy were those for type Ⅲ; and exposure to high temperature in early pregnancy and oral progesterone during pregnancy were those for type Ⅳ.
Conclusions: The risk factors for hypospadias vary for different types, and therefore hypospadias-related clinical studies should be conducted and preventive measures should be taken accordingly. However, a larger sample size is needed to get more scientific and reliable results concerning the risk factors for different types of hypospadias.
目的： 探讨不同类型尿道下裂发病的危险因素。 方法： 按照1∶1配比的方法，选取2015年10月至2016年10月间在郑州大学第三附属医院出生或就诊的尿道下裂患儿和健康胎儿或非泌尿系统疾病患儿分别作为病例组和对照组，采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析的方法，分析总体和4种不同类型尿道下裂的危险因素。 结果： 共有440例样本被纳入研究。结果显示，总体尿道下裂的危险因素包括早产、胎儿生长受限、母亲居住地为农村、母亲怀孕年龄<20岁或>35岁、初产妇、孕期吸烟与被动吸烟、孕期服用孕激素、孕期有感冒及发热症状、孕早期高温暴露，保护因素为孕早期补充蛋白质。Ⅰ型尿道下裂的危险因素包括母亲怀孕年龄<20岁或>35岁,保护因素包括孕早期补充蛋白质。Ⅱ型尿道下裂的危险因素包括早产, 胎儿生长受限, 母亲居住地为农村, 初产妇, 孕期吸烟与被动吸烟, 保护因素包括孕早期补充蛋白质。Ⅲ型尿道下裂的危险因素包括早产, 胎儿生长受限, 母亲居住地为农村,孕早期高温暴露, 保护因素包括孕早期补充蛋白质。Ⅳ型尿道下裂的危险因素包括孕早期高温暴露，孕期服用孕激素。 结论： 不同类型尿道下裂的危险因素存在差异，临床研究和预防尿道下裂的发病应有针对性。后期仍需扩大样本量以对不同类型尿道下裂的危险因素进行更加科学稳定的研究。.
Keywords: pregnancy; risk factors; hypospadias.