Leaky mode integrated optical fibre refractometer

Opt Express. 2018 Apr 2;26(7):9155-9164. doi: 10.1364/OE.26.009155.

Abstract

A route to monitor external refractive indices greater than the core index of the waveguide is presented. Initial application utilizes an integrated optical fibre (IOF) platform due to its potential for use in harsh environment sensing. IOF is fabricated using a bespoke flame hydrolysis deposition process to fuse an optical fibre to a planar substrate achieving an optical quality, ruggedized glass layer between the fibre and substrate was fabricated. The presented refractometer is created by direct UV writing of multiple fibre Bragg gratings into an etched (22 μm diameter) optical fibre post fabrication. Linear regression analysis is applied to quantify propagation loss by monitoring each FBG's back reflected power. The device operates with a sensitivity of approximately 350 dB/cm/RIU at a refractive index of 1.451 at 1550 nm. Numerical simulations using a transfer matrix method are presented and potential routes for development are discussed.