ERK activation is required for the antiepileptogenic effect of low frequency electrical stimulation in kindled rats

Brain Res Bull. 2018 Jun:140:132-139. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Abstract

Introduction: The signaling pathways involved in the antiepileptogenic effect of low frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) have not been fully understood. In the present study the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade was investigated in mediating the inhibitory effects of LFS on kindled seizures.

Methods: Animals received kindling stimulations for seven days (the mean number of stimulation days for achieving stage 5 seizure) according to semi-rapid perforant path kindling protocol (12 stimulations per day at 10 min intervals). LFS (0.1 ms pulse duration at 1 Hz, 800 pulses) was applied at 5 min after the last kindling stimulation every day. During the kindling procedure, FR180204 (inhibitor of ERK) was daily microinjected (1 μg/μl; intracerebroventricular) immediately after the last kindling stimulation and before LFS application. The expression of activated ERK (p-ERK) in the dentate gyrus was also investigated using immunohistochemistry technique.

Results: Application of LFS at 5 min after the last kindling stimulation had inhibitory effect on kindling rate. FR180204 had no significant effect on seizure parameters when administered at the dose of 1 μg/μl in kindled group of animals. However, microinjection of FR180204 before LFS application reduced the inhibitory effect of LFS on seizure severity and field potential parameters (i.e. the slope of population field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and population spike amplitude) during kindling. FR180204 also blocked the preventing effects of LFS on kindling-induced increase in early (at 10-40 ms intervals) and late (at 300-1000 ms intervals) paired pulse depression. In addition, application of LFS following kindling stimulations increased the expression of p-ERK in the dentate gyrus.

Conclusion: Obtained results showed ERK signaling pathway had important role in mediating the antiepileptogenic effect of LFS in perforant path kindling. These findings represent a promising opportunity to gain insight about LFS mechanism in epilepsy therapy.

Keywords: Brain stimulation; Dentate gyrus; ERK signaling; Epilepsy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Electric Stimulation Therapy*
  • Epilepsy / enzymology*
  • Epilepsy / pathology
  • Epilepsy / therapy*
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism*
  • Hippocampus / drug effects
  • Hippocampus / metabolism
  • Hippocampus / pathology
  • Kindling, Neurologic
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System* / drug effects
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System* / physiology
  • Male
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacology
  • Pyridazines / pharmacology
  • Random Allocation
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Seizures / enzymology
  • Seizures / pathology
  • Seizures / therapy

Substances

  • FR 180204
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyrazoles
  • Pyridazines
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases