3D printed device for the automated preconcentration and determination of chromium (VI)

Carlos Calderilla; Fernando Maya; Víctor Cerdà; Luz O Leal

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.065

3D printed device for the automated preconcentration and determination of chromium (VI)

Talanta. 2018 Jul 1:184:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.065. Epub 2018 Feb 16.

Authors

Carlos Calderilla¹, Fernando Maya², Víctor Cerdà³, Luz O Leal⁴

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA2, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Environment and Energy Department, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31136 Chihuahua, Mexico.
² Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA2, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.maya@uib.es.
³ Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA2, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
⁴ Environment and Energy Department, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31136 Chihuahua, Mexico.

PMID: 29674027
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.065

Abstract

A 3D printed device for the fully automated disk-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) of Cr (VI) from water samples has been fabricated. The compatibility of the use of organic solvents for analyte elution with 3D printed flow devices based on polymers fabricated using stereolithography has been evaluated. The developed methodology comprises the complexation of Cr (VI) with 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) in acidic medium and the subsequent retention of the complex in a SBD-RPS disk contained within the 3D printed device. A multisyringe flow injection analysis system with online spectrophotometric detection has been used for the automation of the method. The fabricated 3D printed device integrates the different components of the flow analysis manifold, including connectors and mixers, being a powerful approach towards the reproducible construction of highly integrated flow-based manifolds. The extracted Cr (VI)-DPC complex is eluted with a mixture of methanol- sulfuric acid and quantified at 540 nm. The effect on the analytical signal and the optimization of variables were evaluated using multivariate and univariate techniques. A detection limit of 1 ng Cr (VI) and a linear working range of 3.2-600 ng Cr (VI) were obtained using a sample volume of 2 ml. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 4.8% (10 µg L^-1, n = 12) and 3.4% (n = 5, different day with a different disk), respectively. The applicability of the fabricated 3D printed device has been proved by the determination of Cr (VI) in groundwater, surface water and leachates.

Keywords: 3D printing; Chromium (VI); Multisyringe flow injection analysis; Solid-phase extraction; Water analysis.