Unending story of the indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells: old problems and new solutions?

Affiliations

• ¹ Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
• ² Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
• ³ Laboratory Specialist Medical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ⁴ Departamento de Reumatologia, Fleury Laboratory, Immunology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
• ⁵ Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ⁶ Institut für Immunologie Medizinische, Carl Gustav Carus" der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
• ⁷ Department of Rheumatology, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.
• ⁸ Center for Infection and Immunity Research, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
• ⁹ Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹⁰ Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.