Diallyl disulfide inhibits TGF‑β1‑induced upregulation of Rac1 and β‑catenin in epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and tumor growth of gastric cancer

Oncol Rep. 2018 Jun;39(6):2797-2806. doi: 10.3892/or.2018.6345. Epub 2018 Mar 30.

Abstract

Transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) has been demonstrated to promote epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and proliferation in tumors via the activation of Rac1 and β‑catenin signaling pathways. The present study investigated the effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on TGF‑β1‑induced EMT, invasion and growth of gastric cancer cells. TGF‑β1 treatment augmented EMT and invasion, concomitantly with increased expression of TGF‑β1, Rac1 and β‑catenin in gastric cancer cells. DADS downregulated the expression levels of TGF‑β1, Rac1 and β‑catenin. DADS, TGF‑β1 receptor inhibitor as well as Rac1 inhibitor antagonized the upregulation of the TGF‑β1‑induced expression of these genes, abolishing the enhanced effects of TGF‑β1 on EMT and invasion. Blocking the TGF‑β1 receptor through inhibition resulted in the decreased expression of Rac1 and β‑catenin. Rac1 inhibitor reduced the TGF‑β1‑induced β‑catenin expression. In addition, DADS and the aforementioned inhibitors attenuated the TGF‑β1‑induced tumor growth and the expression changes of E‑cadherin, vimentin, Ki‑67 and CD34 in nude mice. These data indicated that the blockage of TGF‑β1/Rac1 signaling by DADS may be responsible for the suppression of EMT, invasion and tumor growth in gastric cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Allyl Compounds / administration & dosage*
  • Allyl Compounds / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Disulfides / administration & dosage*
  • Disulfides / pharmacology
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Stomach Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Stomach Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / metabolism*
  • Up-Regulation
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
  • beta Catenin / metabolism*
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism*

Substances

  • Allyl Compounds
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Disulfides
  • RAC1 protein, human
  • TGFB1 protein, human
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta1
  • beta Catenin
  • diallyl disulfide
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein