Assessment of MR-based R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping for the quantification of liver iron concentration in a mouse model at 7T

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of quantifying liver iron concentration (LIC) using R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at a high field strength of 7 Tesla (T).

Methods: Five different concentrations of Fe-dextran were injected into 12 mice to produce various degrees of liver iron overload. After mice were sacrificed, blood and liver samples were harvested. Ferritin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were performed to quantify serum ferritin concentration and LIC. Multiecho gradient echo MRI was conducted to estimate R2* and the magnetic susceptibility of each liver sample through complex nonlinear least squares fitting and a morphology enabled dipole inversion method, respectively.

Results: Average estimates of serum ferritin concentration, LIC, R2*, and susceptibility all show good linear correlations with injected Fe-dextran concentration; however, the standard deviations in the estimates of R2* and susceptibility increase with injected Fe-dextran concentration. Both R2* and susceptibility measurements also show good linear correlations with LIC (R² = 0.78 and R² = 0.91, respectively), and a susceptibility-to-LIC conversion factor of 0.829 ppm/(mg/g wet) is derived.

Conclusion: The feasibility of quantifying LIC using MR-based R2* and QSM at a high field strength of 7T is demonstrated. Susceptibility quantification, which is an intrinsic property of tissues and benefits from being field-strength independent, is more robust than R2* quantification in this ex vivo study. A susceptibility-to-LIC conversion factor is presented that agrees relatively well with previously published QSM derived results obtained at 1.5T and 3T.

Keywords: R2* mapping; liver iron concentration; liver iron overload; mouse model; quantitative susceptibility mapping.