One hundred twenty-four infertile women either with endometriosis (n = 70) or with adnexal adhesions (n = 54) were treated with the carbon dioxide laser used laparoscopically and were followed for 18 months. Removal of endometriotic implants, vaporization of endometrioma capsules, and lysis of adnexal adhesions was accomplished. Postoperative pregnancy rates were as follows: 57% for patients with endometriosis (mild, 62%; moderate, 52%; severe, 42%) and 57% for patients with adnexal adhesions. No serious complications requiring laparotomy were encountered. When performed, second-look laparoscopy confirmed efficient removal of endometriosis.