Background: Studies have shown that skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus altering the cellular function. The human epidermal skin layer is mainly composed of keratinocytes, which is damaged by UV-B radiation-induced intracellular oxidative stress. Neferine is an alkaloid extract from lotus seed embryos and is known to promote antioxidant activity.
Objective: In this study for the first time, we investigated the photoprotective action of neferine, against UV-B-produced oxidative damage in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs).
Methods: We established an in Vitro study model using HEKs. Cellular viability was determined by MMT assay kits. The intracellular oxidative stress was measured using ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits. Endogenous antioxidants were measured by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) assay kits. Photoprotective nature of neferine was further evaluated by analyzing the morphological and ultrastructural alterations in keratinocytes.
Results: Neferine inhibit the UV-B-mediated increase in ROS and MDA levels in pretreated keratinocytes. The antioxidants, SOD and GPx activities were significantly high in neferine pretreated UV-B groups. Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum damage were less evident in neferine-pretreated UV-B groups as compared with the control group, which might be associated with reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that neferine can prevent UV-B-induced oxidative damage and may thus be a potential agent for prevention and treatment of skin damage and photoaging.
Keywords: Neferine; antioxidant; human epidermal keratinocytes; oxidative stress; photoaging; ultraviolet B.