Blood leakage detection during dialysis therapy based on fog computing with array photocell sensors and heteroassociative memory model

Jian-Xing Wu; Ping-Tzan Huang; Chia-Hung Lin; Chien-Ming Li

doi:10.1049/htl.2017.0091

Blood leakage detection during dialysis therapy based on fog computing with array photocell sensors and heteroassociative memory model

Healthc Technol Lett. 2018 Jan 26;5(1):38-44. doi: 10.1049/htl.2017.0091. eCollection 2018 Feb.

Authors

Jian-Xing Wu¹, Ping-Tzan Huang², Chia-Hung Lin^{3

4}, Chien-Ming Li⁵

Affiliations

¹ Niche Biomedical LLC, California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.
² Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
³ Department of Electrical Engineering, Kao-Yuan University, Kaohsiung City, 82151, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung City, 41170, Taiwan.
⁵ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710, Taiwan.

Abstract

Blood leakage and blood loss are serious life-threatening complications occurring during dialysis therapy. These events have been of concerns to both healthcare givers and patients. More than 40% of adult blood volume can be lost in just a few minutes, resulting in morbidities and mortality. The authors intend to propose the design of a warning tool for the detection of blood leakage/blood loss during dialysis therapy based on fog computing with an array of photocell sensors and heteroassociative memory (HAM) model. Photocell sensors are arranged in an array on a flexible substrate to detect blood leakage via the resistance changes with illumination in the visible spectrum of 500-700 nm. The HAM model is implemented to design a virtual alarm unit using electricity changes in an embedded system. The proposed warning tool can indicate the risk level in both end-sensing units and remote monitor devices via a wireless network and fog/cloud computing. The animal experimental results (pig blood) will demonstrate the feasibility.

Keywords: HAM model; adult blood volume; array photocell sensors; bio-optics; blood; blood leakage detection; blood loss; cloud computing; dialysis therapy; distributed processing; electricity changes; end-sensing units; fog computing; healthcare givers; heteroassociative memory model; morbidities; mortality; patient monitoring; patient treatment; patients; photoelectric cells; remote monitor devices; telemedicine; virtual alarm unit; wavelength 500 nm to 700 nm; wireless sensor networks.