Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder that commonly presents with a massive lymphadenopathy and a variety of constitutional symptoms. Severe hemolytic anemia is an infrequent complication of this disease. Although the etiology of the condition is unknown, infectious agents including viruses have been implicated. We describe a 2-year-old female child who presented with fever, pallor, and generalized lymphadenopathy complicated by the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A review of the literature of this condition is also provided.
Keywords: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia; Herpes simplex virus; Massive lymphadenopathy; Rosai-Dorfman disease; Sinus histiocytosis.