Cytochrome c speeds up caspase cascade activation by blocking 14-3-3ε-dependent Apaf-1 inhibition

Cell Death Dis. 2018 Mar 6;9(3):365. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0408-1.

Abstract

Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of programmed cell death, essential to the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Cytochrome c is a central figure in the activation of the apoptotic intrinsic pathway, thereby activating the caspase cascade through its interaction with Apaf-1. Our recent studies have revealed 14-3-3ε (a direct inhibitor of Apaf-1) as a cytosolic cytochrome c target. Here we explore the cytochrome c / 14-3-3ε interaction and show the ability of cytochrome c to block 14-3-3ε-mediated Apaf-1 inhibition, thereby unveiling a novel function for cytochrome c as an indirect activator of caspase-9/3. We have used calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, site mutagenesis and computational calculations to provide an insight into the structural features of the cytochrome c / 14-3-3ε complex. Overall, these findings suggest an additional cytochrome c-mediated mechanism to modulate apoptosome formation, shedding light onto the rigorous apoptotic regulation network.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 14-3-3 Proteins / chemistry
  • 14-3-3 Proteins / genetics
  • 14-3-3 Proteins / metabolism*
  • Amino Acid Motifs
  • Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 / genetics
  • Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 / metabolism*
  • Caspase 3 / genetics
  • Caspase 3 / metabolism*
  • Caspase 9 / genetics
  • Caspase 9 / metabolism*
  • Cytochromes c / metabolism*
  • Cytosol / enzymology
  • Cytosol / metabolism
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Humans
  • Protein Binding

Substances

  • 14-3-3 Proteins
  • APAF1 protein, human
  • Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1
  • Cytochromes c
  • CASP3 protein, human
  • CASP9 protein, human
  • Caspase 3
  • Caspase 9